Herzen biography activity

Herzen entered as a wonderful politician, a talented publicist, philosopher, sociologist, writer. He was a noble revolutionary who, in the years, sided with revolutionary democracy. His activity was a link between the first and second stages of the liberation movement in Russia. Being a colleague and like -minded Belinsky, Herzen sought to connect his philosophical searches with the tasks of the liberation movement.

The beginning of the literary activity of Herzen belongs to the period of his first exile of the second half of the 10ths. His early works were written in the then popular romantic spirit: predominant attention was paid to the conflict of the romantic hero with the “insensitive crowd” and “low reality”. In the first works, which were in the form of autobiographical excerpts, dramatic scenes, religious moods were noticeable, the abstractness of the exalted ideas of positive characters was felt.

However, the period of romantic enthusiasm was not long among Herzen. He later recalled: “My real nature still prevailed. I was not destined to climb the third sky, I was born a completely earthly man. " In the city of Herzen left Russia. In Western Europe, and above all, revolutionary events were brewing in France. The Russian writer hoped to see there the implementation of the most cherished by his socialist ideals.

Instead, he became a witness to the defeat in the city of this led him to the spiritual drama. Nevertheless, Herzen could not remain in the positions of Gorky skepticism, the denial of social progress and the role of advanced social movements. All hopes now he assigns to the Russian people. It seemed to him that it was Russia who was destined to avoid the capitalist path of development, to avoid the proletarization of the peasantry and to create a socialist society earlier, the prerequisite of which, as he believed, was the Russian peasant community.

Thus, Herzen became one of the founders of Russian populism. He wrote that "a man of the future in Russia is a man, just like a worker in France." It is clear that Herzen's socialist views were utopian, but they were combined with his revolutionary democratic views that he approached, freeing himself from liberal illusions, although this process was long and difficult. Abroad, Herzen launched a wide, multifaceted and very intense socio-political work.

He considered the primary task to introduce a foreign reader to democratic and revolutionary Russia. His work “On the development of revolutionary ideas in Russia” is the most important document indicating the growth of political self -awareness among representatives of the Russian liberation movement.

Herzen’s judgments about Russian literature are important in this work, in which he noted the growth of liberation ideas, the tense struggle for the liberation of the human person, the passionate protection of the interests of the hardened people, the expression of his hopes and aspirations. In the early xs, Herzen moves to London and founded there a free Russian printing house.

The name of the Almanac and the silhouette of the five executed Decembrists on the cover emphasized this continuity of the revolutionary tradition. The revival of the social movement in Russia led Herzen to the idea of ​​organizing such a periodic body, with the help of which it would be possible to respond more quickly to the urgent problems of Russian life.

So the newspaper "Bell" arose, the publication of which Herzen considered the most important matter of his life. The social severity of the materials placed in the “bell”, their topicality, a sharp anti -feudal orientation, the journalistic talent of Herzen - all this naturally led to the exceptional popularity of the publication. On the example of Herzen, Lenin wrote, the proletariat learns to realize that "the selfless devotion of the revolution and the treatment of a revolutionary sermon to the people does not disappear even when the sowing from the harvest is separated from the harvest." The main works of Alexander Ivanovich Herzen “Who is to blame?