Hortic biography

The conqueror of Transcarpathia and the idol of Yobbik: Admiral Khorty and his Hungary Mikhail Dubinyansky-Saturday, October 28, Felix Russian-Saw The aggravation of Ukrainian-Hungarian relations made many of us look at Budapest with the same caution as at Moscow. Well, modern adherents of the "Great Hungary" have an example to follow. Seventy years ago, in October, the long -term rule of Miklos Horte, the hero of Hungarian nationalists, the land collector and the state leader with an extraordinary biography, ended.

The adjutant of His Majesty and the counter-revolution on a white horse the offspring of the ancient Magyar family Miklosh Horty received everything that the Austro-Hungarian monarchy could offer the Aristocracy. A brilliant education, knowledge of six languages, study in the Naval Academy, diplomatic service in Turkey, marriage to the daughter of a deputy and, finally, the position of adjutant under the emperor Franz Joseph I.

The years spent next to the elderly monarch, Horty considered the best in his life. The First World War proved that the summer officer is suitable not only for the court service. Khorty participated in sea battles, was seriously wounded, rose to the vice-admiral and in the spring became commander of the Austro-Hungarian fleet. True, he had to command only seven months. Then followed the defeat of Austria-Hungary in the war, the collapse of the multinational empire and the revolution.

In the year, the Hungarian communists, who came to power in Budapest, proclaimed the Soviet Republic and deployed red terror. Miklosh Khorted considered that his duty is "the struggle against barbaric forces." While in the south of Hungary, the admiral headed the counter -revolutionary national army. With the military help of the Entente, the Reds were quickly broken. In November, Khorty, dressed in the Admiral uniform, drove into Budapest on a white horse.

He announced that he forgives the criminal capital, "exchanging millennial traditions and national colors for red rags." Forgiveness did not affect ordinary Magyars suspected in left -wing sympathies: the white terror in Hungary was much larger than red and was discontinued only under pressure from the Western powers. The kingdom without a king and an admiral without a fleet in March, Miklosh Horthy, was proclaimed "his lordship regent with the regent of the Hungarian kingdom." He had to fulfill the temporary duties of the regent for 24 years, since the king did not appear in the Hungarian kingdom.

Khorty appointed and shifted the prime ministers, had the right to dissolve the parliament, commanded the armed forces and determined foreign policy. He still wore the Admiral title and flaunted in the usual uniform-although after the war Hungary lost his access to the sea and, accordingly, lost the Navy. The thoughts of the conservative Hungarian ruler were directed into the past. The regent practically did not engage in the modernization of the country, but he established the Knight's Order of the Vityaz and generously distributed land to the awarded land.

The admiral rejected all new trends, including right -wing radical ones: the activities of the fascist parties in Hungary were banned for a long time. And, of course, Khorty remained a persistent anti -communist. However, the authoritarian admiral nevertheless concluded one deal with Stalin. In the year, Khorty agreed to release from prison and let go of the communist Matyayash Rakoshi, the future leader of the Hungarian People’s Republic, to Moscow.

In exchange for the Hungarians, the banners of the national revolution captured by the tsarist army in the middle of the 19th century were returned. Slovakia, Transcarpathia, Transylvania, Croatia became part of neighboring states. And although the non -enenger population prevailed on the lost lands, this did not soften the national injury. For eighteen years, state flags in the Khortist Hungary remained enthusiastic as a sign of mourning.

Classes in schools began with prayer for the reunification of the homeland. And when a leader appeared in Europe, intending to block the post-war boundaries, the admiral joined Hitler-although he considered the Fuhrer an upstart-felib. In the year, the Hungarian flags were solemnly raised by one third: Hungary took part in the section of the Czechoslovak Republic, returning the south of Transcarpathia and Slovakia.

Khorty himself described the events then as follows: “When I drove along the roads, people hugged each other, fell to their knees and cried with joy. Finally, liberation came to them. Without a war, without bloodshed. "The Union with the Third Reich demanded to adjust domestic politics, and in the same year its own anti -Jewish laws were adopted in Hungary. Hungary began to be called the" shakal of Europe "in the American press.

Using Hitler, the admiral continued the collection of lands. In Mmous Hungary, she captured the Carpathian Ukraine, and received the north from the Romanians. Transylvania, in the dismemberment of Yugoslavia, had to pay the country in the bead of the Second World War.Among them was the eldest son of the head of state - a military pilot Istvan Horte, who crashed in a year near Old Oskol.

The Nazi kidnepping and the Fiasco life -life leader over time became clear that he put on the wrong map, and the collapse of Hitler Germany was inevitable. Khorty began secret negotiations on a separate world with allies. Alas, they learned about this in Berlin, and the Germans took measures. But on the same day, German saboteurs, led by the legendary Otto Skorzeny, abducted the youngest son Khorty.

Then the attack aircraft Skorzeny captured the residence of the Hungarian ruler. He was demanded to abandon the ceasefire and officially transfer power to the leader of the Hungarian Nazis, Fernets Salashi. Horted everything. Later he will say: "I did not renounce power. I just exchanged my signature for the life of my son." Khorty Jr. was placed in a concentration camp, Khorty Sr.

was taken to Bavaria and kept under house arrest until the defeat of Germany. After the war, he and his family went to Portugal, where he spent the rest of his life. From the Portuguese exile, the ex-regent could observe how his labors turned into nothing. As the defeated Hungary lost all territorial acquisitions and became even less than up to a year. As a communist dictatorship, led by Comrade Rakoshi, was so recklessly exchanged for historical relics, was established in the country.

How the advice sank the Hungarian uprising in the blood. The depressed Khorty bequeathed not to return his body to his homeland, "until Hungary leaves the last Russian soldier." The former Hungarian leader died in the year, and to m his ashes without official ceremonies were reburied in a family crypt. Twenty years later, a Horte monument appeared in Budapest - the Yobbik party in private, located on the church territory and protected from vandalism with an unconscious glass.

The Admiral-Rarensist remains a very controversial historical figure. But in today's Hungary there are those who want to continue his work. Mikhail Dubinyansky, for UP.