Aerodynamics Zhukovsky biography

Zhukovsky Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky- Russian mechanical scientist, founder of hydro- and aerodynamics. Born in the Vladimir province, in the village of Orekhovo now Sobinsky district of the Vladimir region in the family of a military engineer of the headquarters captain Yegor Ivanovich Zhukovsky and Anna Nikolaevna Stechkina. The grandfather of the future scientist was an officer of the Russian army, a participant in the Patriotic War of the year.

Zhukovsky began his studies at the fourth Moscow gymnasium. Initially, the young man was going to become a travel engineer, like his father, but he did not have a chance to study at the St. Petersburg Institute of Railway-did not allow the limited financial resources of his parents. Therefore, having graduated from a silver medal in the year, he entered the Physics and Mathematics Department of Moscow University without exams.

Having received a diploma in the specialty, applied mechanics, again made an attempt to enter the St. Petersburg Institute of Railways, but it ended in failure. After graduation, he taught physics at the 2nd Moscow female gymnasium, and later mathematics and mechanics at the Moscow Higher Technical School. A few years later, Zhukovsky became an assistant professor at the department of analytical mechanics.

Nikolai Egorovich also taught mechanics at the Moscow Academy of Commercial Sciences. Cooperation with the Academy continued throughout his life. In the year, Zhukovsky defended the master's work dedicated to the kinematics of a liquid body, three years later he became a professor of mechanics at the school, and in M ​​- a professor of chemistry. In the year, he successfully defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Applied Mathematics, presenting the work “On the strength of the movement”.

A few years later, Zhukovsky became one of the teachers of Moscow University, in the second half of X reaching the title of professor of the department of applied mechanics. The artist I. Kosmin, G. Professional career and scientific activity of Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky were quite successful. Over the years of active scientific work, he became a gentleman of many Russian state orders, as well as a real state adviser, a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

He devoted great attention to mechanics, as well as the topics of hydro- and aerodynamics. Zhukovsky’s works in this area were a source of basic ideas on which aviation science is being built. The scientist comprehensively investigated the dynamics of bird flight, the result of the study was the report “On Poultry Paring”. And in the report “Regarding Chernushenko’s aircraft”, Nikolai Egorovich compiled the main dynamics equations for the center of gravity of the planning body with a constant angle of attack, found the trajectories under various air movement.

Zhukovsky N. Zhukovsky: In 2 volumes, a large group of his students worked together with Zhukovsky, from which large specialists later grew up in different fields of aviation science and technology: Vladimir Petrovich Vetchinkin, Alexander Aleksandrovich Arkhangelsky, Gurgen Musinyants, Boris Sergeyevich Stechkin, Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev and others. In the year, under the leadership of Zhukovsky, at the Mechanical Cabinet of Moscow University, one of the first aerodynamic pipes was built.

In M in the village of Kuchino near Moscow, the first aerodynamic institute was built in Europe. In the same year, Zhukovsky organized the air -melting section under the Moscow society of lovers of natural science, anthropology and ethnography. Since the year, Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky taught at the courses of officers of the-flyer. During the First World War, he developed the theory of bombing, dealt with the issues of ballistics of artillery shells.

Under the leadership of Zhukovsky, methods of aerodynamic calculation of aircraft structures and calculation for strength were developed. All this was important for the training of national personnel - designers of aircraft and pilots. Since the year, Nikolai Egorovich, together with the young scientists led by him, has actively joined in the work on the formation of domestic aviation.

In December, the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute of TsAGI was established, and Zhukovsky was appointed its leader. The theoretical courses for military pilots created by him were reorganized to the Moscow Aviation College, on the basis of which the Institute of Red Air Fleet engineers was created in the year, which was subsequently transformed into the Air Force Engineering Academy named after Zhukovsky’s scientific studies in hydrodynamics, which formed the basis of the course of “lectures on hydrodynamics”, had a great influence on the development of this area of ​​mechanics in Russia.

The practical orientation of Zhukovsky’s scientific work was also manifested in his classical research on hydraulics. This cycle was associated with the most important technical problem of water supply to large cities. Zhukovsky’s studies on filtration were successfully applied to the issues of oil production mechanics. Theoretical and experimental studies of the phenomena of a hydraulic blow allowed Zhukovsky to give a complete theory of hydraulic ram.

Picture of T. Ivanov “Beginning” with the image of N.Zhukovsky with his students from left to right - B. Stechkin, A. Arkhangelsky, A. Tupolev, N. Zhukovsky, B. Yuryev, N. Lobanov, B. Rossinsky on the Khodynsky field in the year when testing the ITU Zhukovsky’s airplane is called the “father of Russian aviation” quite reasonably. His research became basic for further discoveries in the history of aeronautics.

Nikolai Egorovich developed optimally economical ways of horizontal flight; formulated the theorem about the quantitative value of the lifting force of the wing of the aircraft; determined the main profiles of the wings and blades of the airplane screw; Developed a vortex theory of air screw. He also developed a mathematical apparatus for solving the tasks of the wing streaming; He established the law of speed distribution at the screw blade, which has become the theoretical basis for the design of air screws.

Interestingly, with such a deep scientific study of air swimming issues, Zhukovsky did not like to fly. Only once at a worldwide exhibition in Paris, he rose to a small height in a balloon, but felt bad. I never flew anymore. Back in the year, Zhukovsky wrote two labor: “To the theory of flying” and “On the soaring of birds”. Analyzing the ability of birds to stay in the air with open wings, he managed to prove the probability of creating a glider, which is able to make a “dead loop”.

Twenty years later, the Russian military pilot Pyotr Nikolaevich Nesterov, the founder of the highest aerobatics, for the first time in the world performed this technique on his plane, named after him the “Loop of Nesterov”. Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky is also known for the denial of the theory of relativity of Enstein. The scientist believed that the air mechanics can be built on the basis of classical representations using the analogy of the pheasus with the vortices of the inconsistent fluid.

Nowadays, we can come into contact with the memorable places of the “father of Russian aviation”, traveling around Russia. The scientific and memorial museum of Professor N. Zhukovsky in the city of Moscow was founded in the year. The exposition is located in a beautiful old mansion consisting of two parts. One building of the eighteenth, the second - the nineteenth century. Here, theoretical courses of aviation were opened in the year, and the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute of TsAGI began its work in the year.

And it was here that Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky worked on his inventions, which a century ago seemed the fiction, the flight of uncontrollable imagination. The museum contains unique exhibits: genuine manuscripts of scientific works and biographical documents, including the correspondence of a scientist with relatives, personal libraries of N. Zhukovsky and his students, as well as memorial things.

Of particular value is the legendary glider of the pioneer of aviation Otto Liliental. Zhukovsky acquired it at his own expense, traveling around Germany in the year. And of course, a model of one of the first Russian aircraft created in the year by air designer Igor Sikorsky. The museum exposition also presents models of the first domestic reactive missiles, layouts of the first artificial Earth satellite, Vostok spacecraft, as well as models of engines, aerodynamic pipes, including a genuine aerodynamic pipe built by N.

Bauman's students in the year. The Memorial House Museum Manor N. Zhukovsky in the village of Orekhovo, where you can easily get from the city of Vladimir both by car and by bus,-the historical monument of the Vladimir region. It was in Orekhovo that the family of Nikolai Egorovich lived. Today it is a wonderful noble manor with more than a two -hundred -year history, with a landscape and a manor ensemble that is almost not disturbed in the natural corner of amazing beauty.

It was laid back at the end of the XVII century. Initially belonged to the leader of the nobility, the Second Major, by the court adviser Nikolai Mikhailovich Vsevolozhsky. The first owner created a magnificent estate here, which became one of the most interesting in the Vladimir region. A wooden discutated house, outbuilding, greenhouses, stables, regular linden park, access of birch alley - all this harmonious ensemble is organically inscribed in the surrounding nature.

Zhukovsky had a manor from a year when the parents of Nikolai Egorovich decided to settle in Orekhovo. The whole life of the scientist is closely connected with this unusually beautiful corner of our homeland. Here he was born and grew up here, he came here by a gymnasium student, then a student of the Physics and Mathematics Department of Moscow University, here he rested during his vacations when he taught at Mvita and Moscow State University.

And it was in Orekhov that Nikolai Egorovich created many of his scientific works. Today, the museum invites visitors to inspect the noble house, get acquainted with the life and scientific activities of Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky, see the most valuable exhibits - the personal belongings of the Zhukovsky family, wander along the alleys of the shady park, and take a picture near the real Mig -17 aircraft.

At the end of the tour, guests are waiting for fragrant tea, carefully prepared from the gathering of ten herbs collected in the estate.Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky - a phenomenon in Russian science. All the activities of a gifted scientist were aimed at solving scientific and practical problems that brought to a qualitatively new level an important branch of mechanics-aerodynamics.

Thanks to his active mentoring activity, a galaxy of young engineers and inventors was brought up. And finally, it was his research and scientific research that he taught a person to fly. We hope that our second trip from the cycle “From Archimedes to Hawking” will cause a desire to travel around Russia and discover the amazing world of science. After all, there are so many interesting and unknown around us!