Verdi is briefly

The life and creative path of Giuseppe Verdi Lecture on the musical literature of Musike. His creative activity, first of all, with the genre of the opera, covered more than half a century: the first opera Oberto, Count Bonifacho was written by him at the summer [1], the penultimate “Othello” - at 74, the last “Falstaff” - at 80! In total, taking into account six new editions of previously written works, he created 32 operas, which are still composed of the main repertoire fund of theaters around the world.

Verdi's life path coincided with a turning point in Italian history. It was the heroic era of Risorjimento - the era of the struggle of Italians for free and indivisible Italy. Verdi was an active participant in this heroic struggle, in her drama, he drew his inspiration. It is no accident that contemporaries so often called the composer “musical garibaldi”, “maestro of the Italian revolution”.

The operas of the 10th years already in the first operates of Verdi, created by him in the years, were embodied by the national-liberation ideas so relevant for the Italian public of the 19th century: “Nabukko”, “Lombarts”, “Ernani”, “Jeanne D, Ark”, “Atilla”, “Battle of Lenyano”, “Robbers”, “Macbeth” first Shakespearean opera Verdi, etc. The production of these operas caused an explosion of patriotic feelings among the Italian listener, poured into political demonstrations, that is, they became the events of political significance.

The melodies of opera choirs composed by Verdi acquired the significance of revolutionary songs and sang throughout the country. The operas of the X are not deprived of the shortcomings: the confusion of the libretto; lack of bright, relief solo characteristics; the subordinate role of the orchestra; Little expressiveness of recitatives. However, the listeners willingly forgave these shortcomings for sincerity, heroic-patriotic pathos and consonance with their own thoughts and feelings.

The last opera X - “Louise Miller” according to Schiller’s drama “Ogreness and Love” - opened a new stage in Verdi's work. The composer first turned to a new topic for himself - the topic of social inequality, which excited many artists of the second half of the 19th century, representatives of critical realism. Heroic plots are replaced by a personal drama due to social causes. Verdi shows how an unfair public structure breaks human destinies.

At the same time, the poor, disenfranchised people are much more noble, spiritually richer than representatives of the “High Sveta”. Opera X - X years The topic of social injustice, coming from Louise Miller, was developed in the famous opera triad of the early X - “Rigoletto”, “Trubadur”, “Phytnian” both three operas tell about the suffering and death of people of socially disadvantaged society: a court jesting, a mantle of the gap, fellow woman.

The creation of these essays speaks of the increased skill of Verdi Dramaturg. Compared to the composer's early operas, a huge step forward is taken here: the psychological beginning is intensified, associated with the disclosure of bright, extraordinary human characters; the contrasts that reflect life contradictions are aggravated; Innovatively, traditional opera forms are interpreted many arias, ensembles turn into freely organized scenes; The role of recitation is increasing in vocal parties; The role of the orchestra is increasing.

Later, in the operas created in the second half of the X Sicilian Vespers-for the Paris Opera, Simon Bokkanigra, Masquerade Ball and, in the X-Years of Fate, by order of the St. Petersburg Mariinsky Theater and Don Carlos-for Paris Opera, Verdi again returns to historical-revolutionary and patriotic themes. However, now socio-political events are inextricably linked with the personal drama of the heroes, and the pathos of the struggle, bright mass scenes are combined with subtle psychologisms.

The best of these works is the opera Don Carlos, exposing the terrible essence of the Catholic reaction. It is based on a historical plot borrowed from Schiller’s drama of the same name. Events unfold in Spain from the reign of the despotistical king Philip II, who betrays his own son in the hands of the Inquisition. Having made one of the main characters of the work an oppressed Flemish people, Verdi showed heroic resistance to violence and tyranny.

This tyrant -collection pathos of Don Carlos, consonant with political events in Italy, in many ways prepared Aida.

The late period of the work of the Aida, created in the year by order of the Egyptian government, opens the late period in Verdi's work [2]. This period also includes such vertexes of the composer as the musical drama of Othello and the comic opera Falstaf both according to Shakespeare on the libretto of Arrigo Boyto. The best features of the composer’s style were connected in these three operas: a deep psychological analysis of human characters; bright, exciting show of conflict clashes; Humanism aimed at exposing evil and injustice; spectacular entertainment, theatricality; Democratic intelligence of the musical language based on the tradition of Italian folk song.His youth passed in a small provincial town of Busetto; The attempt to enter the Milan Conservatory ended in failure, although the time spent in Milan was not in vain - Verdi was private with the conductor of the La Scala Milan Theater Lavinya.

This, largely, is explained by the dominance of Wagnerianism in the musical life of Italy.