Anatol Armia Biography

Critic Jul Lemeter wrote about France: “The mind of this enlightened writer, very skilled and sophisticated, absorbed all the intellectual work of our century; I do not know another writer who would reflect reality through such a richest layer of science, literature that preceded impressions and thoughts. ” In childhood, Anatol, the only child in the family, spent a lot of time on the embankment of the Seine, rummaging in piles of books “It was a library of three quarters”, as he himself later wrote and listening to the conversations of the books of his father often went to the store.

France is diminutive from Francois - the name of his father entered the Jesuit school in Paris. The boy was read out by Greek and Roman authors, but he did not like school. He has a disgust for the teaching of religion for life. He was mediocre with a student, he received excellent grades only for his works. The Jesuit School made it a rebel for life. It should also be mentioned about the youthful love for the actress “Comedy Frances” Eliza Devoo, whom he adored from afar.

This forced the young man to suppress sensuality, and later in his works, France painted images of actresses, capricious and voluptuous. His mother advised to become a writer. Having failed several times on final exams, Anatole finally passed them at the age of 20. When his father got into business in the year, France, forced to earn his living himself, got a job in the magazine.

Working as a bibliographer with the publisher Alfons Lemerra, he met the recently created literary group "Parnassus". In their work, the participants in this association sought to resist the poetics of romanticism, which, in their opinion, was outdated by that time. During the Franco-Prussian war, Anatole served in the army for some time, demobilized, continued to write and perform various editorial work.

In the year, he has the first real opportunity to prove himself as a journalist, the Paris newspaper ordered him a series of critical articles about modern writers, and next year Anatole becomes a leading literary critic there. France leads his own column. The articles that have appeared there for several years were published in a separate publication in four volumes in years under the title “Literary Life”.

In the preface to this publication, France expressed its attitude to the subjectivity of literary criticism. In the year, France is appointed deputy director of the Senate library and takes this post for 14 years, which gave him the opportunity and means to engage in literature. In the year, he marries Valeri Geren de Suvil. It was a traditional bourgeois marriage: the bride had to get married, and the groom has married.

Twenty -year -old Valerie is the daughter of a major official of the Ministry of Finance. For the son of a bukinist and grandson of a village shoemaker, she was an enviable party. France was proud of his wife’s family tree, admired her timidity. True, then it turned out that the silence of his wife was explained by the disbelief in his talent of the writer and contempt for this profession.

A significant dowry Valerie went to the arrangement of a mansion on the street near the Boisky forest. Here France began to work a lot. In the Senate library, he saw a negligent employee, but with regard to literary work, here the writer did not reject a single proposal of publishers, cooperating simultaneously with five dozen magazines. He edited classics, wrote numerous articles - not only about literature, but also about history, political economy, archeology, paleontology, and human origin.

In the year, Anatol became a father, he had a daughter Suzanne, whom he gently loved his whole life. In the year of her birth, France's first book, in which he found his hero, Sylvester Bonnar, and with him his individual style, was also published. As was said, it is awarded to "the work of the graceful, outstanding, perhaps, exceptional." In the year, France became a constant chronicle in the magazine "Illustrated Peace".

Every two weeks, its display "Parisian Chronicle" appears, covering different sides of French life. From a year, he will write more articles and essays. Thanks to the success of Sylvester Bonnar and the extraordinary popularity of the Paris Chronicle, France is included in high society. In the year, he met with Leontina Arman de Kayave, whose salon was one of the most brilliant literary, political and art salons in Paris.

This smart, powerful aristocrat was the same age of France. From her he heard what he needed at home: an incentive assessment of his work. The long -standing, jealous, tyrannical devotion of Leontina will fill in the writer’s personal life for a long time. And his wife, Valery France, will be increasingly experiencing a need to sort things out and take scores every year.

Alien to the spiritual life of her husband, she managed to make a stranger to France and their own house, which he filled with books, a collection of paintings, engravings, and old products. The situation in the house was inflamed to such an extent that the writer generally stopped talking with his wife, communicating with her only notes.Finally, once, without taking out silence, Valerie asked her husband: “Where were you last night?

Passing through the streets of Paris, demonstratively, he rented a furnished room on the fictional name of the demon. In such a, in no in the usual way, he left home, finally breaking up family relationships that he tried to keep all the last years only for his beloved daughter. In the year, Anatole designed a divorce. From now on, the ambitious Leontin became his faithful and devoted girlfriend.

She did everything so that France became famous: she was looking for material in libraries for him, making translations, tidied up manuscripts, read the Granks, wanting to free him from work, which seemed boring to him. She helped him improve the small villa Side near the Bulo forest, which soon turned into a museum filled with works of art and furniture of different eras. In the year the novel "Thais" was published.

In it, France finally found the way of self -expression where he had no equal. Conventionally, it could be called intellectual prose, combining the image of real life with copyright thoughts about its meaning. After the release of the novels, “Gods crave,” “Red Lilia”, the glory of Anatoly France acquired a world sound. Letters began to come to him from everywhere, and not only as a famous novelist, but also as a sage and philosopher.

On numerous portraits, the writer, however, tried to look not majestic, but rather elegant. In the year, France took an active part in Dreyfus. Under the influence of Marseille Prust, the writer was the first to sign the famous Emil Zola manifesto “I accuse”. In this letter, an attempt was condemned to accuse the state of treason of the French army officer of the Jew Alfred Dreyfus and proved that this accusation was fabricated to save the highest army command convicted of corruption from the scandal.

The daughter of France, his “tenderly beloved Suzon”, in the year, having already had a divorce with her first husband, fell in love with Michel Psikari, the grandson of the famous religious philosopher Renan, and became his wife. Anatoly France was not to his liking. He moved away from his daughter and, as it turned out, forever. His relationship worsened with Leontina de Kayave.

For a long time, she was puzzled and took care of France, taking care of his successes, proud that she helps him, knowing that he loves her. Every year they traveled to Italy, visited Greece several times. However, by old age, Leontin became more and more vigilant and jealous. Anatole France paid tribute to the tyrannical exactingness of his beloved: “Dedicated to Madame Arman de Kayave, without which this book would not see the light, just as all my books would not see the light,” he writes in the preface to Krenkebil.

But at the same time, the vigilant supervision of Leontina annoys the writer. Leontina’s health, and so weak, was shaken in the summer of the year, when rumors reached her that France, floating on a steamer in Brazil, to give lectures on Rabelais, could not resist the coquetry of the fifty -year -old French comedy. Jealous Leontin fell down. Together with Leontina, he went to Kapian, her country house, where Madame de Kayave suddenly fell ill with inflammation of the lungs and died on January 12 of the year.

For France, Leontina's death was a huge mental trauma. Woe helped to endure another loyal woman, the impressions of the cosmoettse, a Hungarian writer, known in her homeland under the pseudonym Sandor Kemeri. At one time she was the secretary of the writer and her sensitivity, kindness helped “cure the great mind” from depression. The years of World War I was aged Anatoly France. From Paris, he moved to a small bachelie estate, not far from the province of Turen, where Emma Laprevot, the former maid Leontina de Kayave, lived.

This woman was sick and poor. France placed her in the hospital, and after recovery she became the writer's housekeeper, taking care of all the concerns of him. In the year. France suffered a new grief - his daughter, Suzanne Psikari, died of flu. Her thirteen -year -old son Lucien remained a round orphan Michelle Psikari died in the war in, and France took up his beloved grandson, who later became the only heir to the writer.

In the year, Anatoly was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature "For brilliant literary achievements, marked by sophistication of style, deeply suffered by humanism and truly Gallic temperament." Throughout his long life, Anatole France rarely complained about health. Until eighty years, he was almost not sick.

However, in April, the vascular spasm paralyzed it for several hours. The writer admitted that he can no longer "work as before." But, nevertheless, until his death, he retained the vigor of the spirit and amazing performance. He dreamed of visiting Brussels, London, to finish the book of philosophical dialogs called Sous La Rose, which can be translated as "not for prying ears." In July, France took off, doctors warned friends and close writer that his watch was numbered.

On the morning of October 12, he said with a smile: “This is my last day!On the night of October 13, “the most French, the most Parisian, most refined writer” died. As Dushan Breschi said about him: “Despite all the vicissitudes of critical fashion, Anatole France will always stand next to Bernard Show as a great satirist of the era and next to Rabelais, Moliere and Voltaire as one of the greatest French wit.” Interesting facts from life: by the end of his life, France reached the climax of Glory, and his Parisian house “Villa Seyid” turned into a place of pilgrimage for young writers, both French and foreign.

France's work had a significant impact on famous personalities - A. Barbus, M. Proust, A. Anatol France, who met Marcel Proust in the year, wrote a preface to his early collection “Consors and Days” and wanted to give his daughter Suzanne for him, but later cooled to the young writer. In turn, Proust used the characteristic features of appearance and some details of the literary style of France to create the image of the writer Bergota in the cycle of novels “In search of the lost time” -