M bar biography

For many years in a row he was one of the leaders of the German scientific community. He owns the opening of a quantum hypothesis. The physicist studied thermodynamics, the theory of quanta and thermal radiation. The work of the scientist makes him the founder of quantum physics. One of the few who dared to act in the defense of Jews during the Nazism in Germany.

Until the end of days he remained faithful to science and was engaged in it while health allowed. Childhood and youth Max Planck was born on April 23 in the city of Kile. His ancestors were from the old noble family. He was married twice. In the first marriage, two children appeared. The second time he married the mother of Max Emma Patzig, in the marriage of which five children were born.

She was from a pastoral family and, before a meeting with Wilhelm, lived in the city of Graifswald. Up to 10 years, Max lived in keel. In the year, the father receives an invitation to a professor at Munich University, and the family moves to the capital of Bavaria. Here the boy is given to the Maximilian gymnasium, where he is listed in the ranks of the best students of the class. A great influence on the young bar is exerted by the teacher of mathematics German Müller.

From him, he first learns what the law of conservation of energy is. Max shows brilliant mathematical data. Classes in the gymnasium have secured an interest in science, in particular in the study of the laws of nature. He sang in the choir of boys, played several instruments and studied a lot after the piano. At one time he studied the theory of music and even tried to compose, but came to the conclusion that the composer would not work out of him.

By the end of the school, the plank has already formed its addictions. In his youth, he wanted to devote himself to music, becoming a pianist. He dreamed of engaged in philology, showed great interest in physics and mathematics. As a result, Max chose accurate sciences and entered the University of Munich. Being a student, does not leave music. He could be seen by musician on the organ in the Student Church.

He led a small choir and conducted the orchestra. The father advises Max to turn to Professor Philip von Jolly to help him plunge into the study of theoretical physics. The professor persuaded the student to abandon this idea, since, in his opinion, this science is close to completion. According to him, you should not wait for new discoveries, the main studies have been done.

He does not need discoveries, he wants to understand the basics of physical theory and would like to deepen them if possible. The student begins to attend lectures on experimental physics Wilhelm von Bez. Together with Professor Philip von Zhololi, a study on the permeability of a heated platinum for hydrogen.

Max can be seen in the classroom in the audiences of professors - mathematicians Ludwig Zeidel and Gustav Bauer. After meeting with the famous physicist Herman Helmholtz, the plank leaves to get an education at the University of Berlin. He attend lectures by mathematician Karl Weerstrass. He studies the work of the professors of the Helmholtz and Gustav Kirgof, who take for himself as a model to follow the skill of presenting complex material.

After familiarization with the works of Rudolph, Clazius according to the theory of heat, chooses for himself a new direction for research - thermodynamics. Science in the year Planck receives a doctor’s degree after defending the dissertation about the second beginning of thermodynamics. In his work, the physicist proves that with a self -supporting process, heat is not transferred from a cold body to a warmer.

Next year, he writes another work on thermodynamics and receives the position of a younger assistant at the Faculty of Physics at Munich University. His research began to bring him dividends in the form of international recognition. After 3 years, the scientist is invited to the University of Berlin, where he is also in the post of adj-professor. Along with this, he receives the post of director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics.

In the year, Max Planck becomes a valid professor. After 4 years, the scientist begins to engage in research on thermal radiation of bodies. According to the theory, the plank electromagnetic radiation cannot be continuous. It goes in separate quanta, the value of which depends on the radiated frequency. Max plank derives the formula for the distribution of energy in the spectrum of the absolute black body.

In December, a physicist reports on his discovery at a meeting of the Berlin Scientific Council and gives rise to a new direction - quantum theory. Next year, the value of the constant Boltzmann is calculated based on the bar formula. The bar manages to get a constant avogro - the number of atoms in one prayer, and the scientist sets the value of the electron charge with a high degree of accuracy.

Max Planck and Albert Einstein Albert Einstein subsequently contributed to the strengthening of quantum theory. In the year, scientist Max Planck receives the Nobel Prize of the year for opening energy quanta and the development of physics. In m, he resigned, but continues to cooperate with the society of fundamental sciences of Kaiser Wilhelm. After 2 years, the Nobel laureate becomes his president.Religion and philosophy Max Plan was brought up in the Lutheran spirit, and for him the values ​​of religion were always in the first place.

Each time at dinner, he pronounced a prayer. It is known that from a year until the end of his life he served as a presbyter. The scientist was against the unification of science and religion. Astrology, Theosophy, spiritualism and other fashionable directions fell under his criticism. At the same time, he believed that science and religion are equal in its significance. Embed from getty images Max Planck in the library, his lecture “Religion and Natural Science” was popular from year, which was reflected in its repeated publications later.

The text became a reflection of events in the country that was under the rule of the Nazis. The plank never calls the name of Christ and is forced to constantly refute rumors about the change of his faith. The scientist emphasized that he does not believe in the personal God, but at the same time remains religious. In marriage, four children were born: two sons and twin daughters.

He loved his family, was a caring husband and father. The wife is dying in the year. After 2 years, the scientist tries to arrange his personal life for the second time and makes an offer to the niece Marge von Hesslin. The woman gives Max the bar of another son. The eldest son dies in the First World War, in M, and daughters die during childbirth and years. The second son from his first marriage was executed at the beginning of GO for participating in a conspiracy against Hitler, despite the petition of a famous father.

The Nazis knew about the views of Max Planck. During a visit to Hitler, when the physicist headed the society of fundamental sciences of Kaiser Wilhelm, he turned to him not to pursue Jewish scientists. Hitler angrily expressed everything he was thinking about the Jewish nation. After that, the plank remained silent and tried to be restrained in his thoughts.

In the winter of the year, after the air of the Allied army, the scientist’s house was completely burned down. Manuscripts, diaries, books are destroyed in the fire. He moves to a friend Karl Shtil in Rogets near Magdeburg. In April, the Temporary House of the Spouses Planck was also destroyed under airstrikes. The scientist and the wife go into the forest, then live with the thrush.

The health of the bar worsened - the arthritis of the spine worsened, and he walked with great difficulty. At the request of Professor Robert Paul, the American military set off for the Nobel laureate and take him to a safe guttingen. For five weeks, he is in a hospital bed, and then, after recovery, he begins to work: he gives lectures. Death in July in the year, the man went to England to celebrate the summer anniversary of Isaac Newton.

An interesting fact: the scientist was at the event the only representative from Germany. Shortly before his death, physics of Kaiser Wilhelm is renamed Max Planck's society, thereby noting his contribution to science again. In Bonn, the scientist fell ill with two -way pneumonia, but managed to defeat the disease. In March, he lasts the last time for students. In October of the same year, the state of McMa Planck worsened sharply, and he died.

The cause of death is a stroke. He did not live to his summer for six months. The grave of the Nobel laureate is located in the Gettingen cemetery. After himself, the scientist left manuscripts, books, photographs - a legacy that invaluates and continues to carry disinterested service to science.