Shukshina actor biography

Latest news biography Vasily Makarovich Shukshin is an outstanding personality of the Soviet era, actor, director and writer. A native of Altai and admirer of the work of Sergei Yesenin, he also became the "singer of the village." Shukshin remained in the history of the country as an original nature. His talent grew at the junction of several types of arts, in each of which he left his unique and significant trace.

The native of the family of peasants, the unicerular peasants, or middle peasants, Vasily lost his father in childhood: in the era of collectivization and repression of the 10ths, Makar Leontyevich Shukshin was arrested and executed. All the worries about the family were taken by the mother. Having married a second time, she continued to raise children with her new spouse.

In the future, Shukshin warmly recalled his stepfather as a person of great kindness. The man also passed away early: he died in the war. After graduating from a seven -year -old in his native village, Vasily Makarovich moved to neighboring Biysk to continue his studies at a car college. Having studied there for 2.5 years, but having never received a diploma, the future writer and director was forced to quit his studies, return home and start working.

From the beginning of work in M ​​and until the moment the young man managed to travel to a number of cities and enterprises in the Navy. He built a turbine factory in Kaluga, worked on a tractor in Vladimir, worked at the construction sites near Moscow. During the army service in the Black Sea Fleet, Vasily Makarovich first became interested in literary work. In his youth, during leisure hours, he wrote the first stories that he read to his colleagues.

But he did not have to give the duty to the end - for the first time the symptoms of ulcerative disease of the stomach affected. The attack was so heavy that the medical commission immediately recognized him unsuitable for further service. Upon returning home, Shukshin passed the final exams for the secondary school and began to work as a Russian language teacher. He was later invited to the post of director of the school of labor youth in the native village of Tosty.

However, according to the memoirs of Vasily Makarovich himself, he was a “Nevazhnetsky” teacher. Teaching did not seduce him as the work of his whole life. The future director felt a desire to conquer the capital. To give him the opportunity to get to the capital and use her chance, his mother sold the cow and gave all the money to her son. Subsequently, the outstanding film director recalled that because of the textured appearance, as well as due to the ambiguous impression that he made on the selection committee, he was offered to enter the acting.

But fate was different, and Vasily Makarovich chose the director's faculty for himself. For the same period, a writer's debut came - on the advice of a mentor, Mikhail Ilyich Romm, Shukshin sent his literary works to the capital's publishers. Here, the first success was the publication by the magazine “Change” of his story “Two in a cart”. The first work of Vasily Makarovich was episodic.

In the film “Quiet Don” he got the role of a sailor. But this served as the beginning of an acting career, prompted to growth, and already the following role - in the film “Two Fedors” - was the main one. Further offers were not long in coming, and soon Shukshin-actor was much more successful than Shukshin-director. However, the main vocation of the master felt more.

He was attracted by the idea of ​​an independent creation of a full -fledged storyline, a thorough study of each character and the subsequent incarnation of everything on the screen. The films of Vasily Shukshin his first independent work “From the Lebyazhega” realized all the ambitions of the author - Vasily Makarovich acted here as a screenwriter, director and actor.

This picture was left without the proper attention of critics who considered it somewhat boring, but Shukshin’s foundation was laid down. The next full -length film of Vasily Makarovich “Lives such a guy” was shot based on the previously published stories “Class Driver” and “Grinka Malyugin”. This work has been successful, the director noticed the public and criticism.

Nevertheless, received at the All -Union and Venice festivals of the prize in the categories "Comedy" and "Children's film" upset it. According to the prisoner, it was a completely different movie. But the picture remained in the memory of the public. During this period, the creative manner of Shukshin formed. The heroes whom he portrayed in his works are workers with difficult characters.

The theme of a common person was very close to the director who visited both the collective farmer and the workers who deeply felt those people whose life he wrote. Shukshin-actor, according to critics, had the ability to look at the world through the eyes of the hero, getting used to all the difficulties of his character. The directorial style of Vasily Makarovich was remembered by the audience with some external simple -mindedness and restrained narrative manner.

In the year, the famous film “Kalina Red”, the last author’s work Shukshin, was released. This is the only director of the director, shot on a color film. The story of a coming out of imprisonment and trying to start life again Yegor Prokudin shocked the audience.Earlier in the Union they did not remove such stories, and after the premiere the audience cried and applauded violently.

The film received prestigious awards and positive reviews of critics. Completely surrendering to the filming process, the director did not spare himself, and the surviving serious bouts of peptic ulcer did not affect the work schedule. At the same time, the state of health worsened. So, a two -part picture dedicated to the life of Stepan Razin and the peasant uprising did not wait for permission to shoot.

Vasily Shukshin was passionate about this topic - he noted the original sources, studied the customs of the era, worked out the script and a filming plan. For the sake of this idea, he even refused to participate in other films, relying on Stepan Razin. At that time, the leadership of the State Committee of Cinematography considered the biographical film untimely and costly, making it clear that the shooting is postponed indefinitely.

Instead, Shukshin at the beginning of X was instructed to release the picture of the “stove-stove”. Initially, the director planned to again invite Leonid Kuravlev to the main role, but he refused and invited Vasily Makarovich to play himself. He did so, and the film was recognized by the critics who wrote and said that the role of Ivan Rastorguev was filled with filigree.

The next film, in which Shukshin performed in the central image, became the last for him. The director suddenly died during the final stage of filming with his favorite picture "They fought for their homeland." Literature Vasily Shukshin combined cinematographic work with the literary. His collection of stories "Rural Residents" was released in the year by the Young Guard Publishing House.

In the creative heritage of a prose writer, there are two full -fledged novels, while the problems of creativity are disclosed in numerous works that served as the basis for subsequent cinematic ideas. So, the story “cut off”, which included in the collections “characters” and “conversations under the clear moon”, was created according to the memoirs of communication with fellow countrymen.

Instead of goodwill, the villagers showed malice to the successes of Vasily Makarovich. The situation when a rural resident leads the scientist into confusion by demagogy techniques was known to the author from the inside. The main characters of the works of the writer were people with extraordinary thinking and non -standard behavior, while people from the people.

The stories “Chudik”, “Microscope” are devoted to such characters. Shukshin's books were included in the Golden Fund of Soviet Literature. Apart is his only fairy tale “Up to the third roosters”. In this work, the writer once again discusses the Russian peasantry, about the riddle of the Russian man. The personal life of the first official wife of the director was Maria Ivanovna Shumskaya, whom Vasily Makarovich met at a young age.

Unfortunately, their life paths diverged on the wedding day because of Maria’s refusal to go with her husband to conquer Moscow. The young wife scared the disorder of the future metropolitan life. Leaving Maria Ivanovna in his native village, Shukshin went to Moscow himself and a few years later returned to ask for a divorce, as his personal life underwent changes: he fell in love with another.

At that time, he already lived with Victoria Sofronova, the daughter of the writer Anatoly Sofronov. But Maria Ivanovna never gave her husband a divorce. To get out of this position, Vasily Shukshin was even forced to “lose” a passport. In the year, Anastasia Sofronova had a daughter, Ekaterina Shukshina from him. She later graduated from Moscow State University, having received the profession of a philologist and translator.

She married a German with whom she remained to live in Moscow. Catherine did not leave her grandchildren to her father. In the year, Vasily Makarovich married actress Lydia Alexandrova, who played the role in the film "Such a guy lives." Their marriage did not last long. According to Alexandrova’s memoirs, the reason for this was the director’s love ties and alcohol abuse. So, it is known that Shukshin admitted to Nonna Mordyukova’s love, but Nonna Viktorovna later said that they never reached a serious relationship.

Among the writer's lover, fans of his work included Bella Akhmadulin. For a long time, he could not give preference to one woman and maintained relations with two at once. Lidia Fedoseeva gave birth to her husband two daughters - Maria and Olga, staying next to him until the very last days of his life. Later, the daughter of the writer and director became actresses, and Maria Shukshina led the popular program “Wait for me”.

Five grandchildren of Vasily Makarovich were born many years after his death. Four of them are the children of Mary. The youngest, Thomas and Foka, were brought up in severity, every summer was held in a military-patriotic camp. Olga named the only son in honor of her father - Vasily. He became an economist, at one time he lived with his mother in the monastery.

The death of Vasily Shukshin the secret of Shukshin’s death remained unsolved to the end. During the filming of the last film with his participation - “They fought for their homeland” - Vasily Makarovich had another exacerbation of peptic ulcer.At times, the attacks were serious, according to eyewitnesses, he walked pale as death.