Biography Pauling

Pauling L. Pauling Sr. died when his son was 9 years old. Lineus from childhood was fond of science. At first he collected insects and minerals. At the summer, the future scientist began to set up experiments in chemistry. He did it at home, and took dishes for experiments from his mother in the kitchen. Pauling attended the Washington secondary school in Portland, but did not receive a certificate of maturity.

Nevertheless, he signed up for the Oregon State Agricultural College later - Oregon University, where he studied mainly chemical technology, chemistry and physics.

To work out, he was engaged in washing dishes and sorting paper. When Pauling studied on the penultimate course, he, as a gifted student, was hired by an assistant to the department of quantitative analysis. In the last year, he became an assistant in chemistry, mechanics and materials. Having received in Pauling, he became the first graduate of the California Technological Institute, who at the end of it immediately began to work as a teacher at the Department of Chemistry.

In the city, over the next two years, he worked as a researcher and was a member of the National Research Council at the California Technological Institute. Pauling became a specialist in X -ray crystallography. Applying this method, he studied the nature of chemical ties in benzene and other aromatic compounds. In gg. Pauling has put forward its resonance theory, or hybridization to explain the nature of chemical ties in aromatic compounds.

According to the Pauling model, benzene rings can be considered as hybrids of their possible structures. Over the next few years, P., together with A. Mirski, he formulated the theory of the structure and function of the protein, together with C. Coriall studied the effect of oxygen saturation on the magnetic properties of hemoglobin. Pauling and his colleagues managed to change the chemical structure of some globulin proteins contained in the blood.

Pauling suggested that the three -dimensional structures of the antigen and its antibodies are complemented and, thus, “bear responsibility” for the formation of an antigen -antibody complex. Pauling and R. Kory published the first finished description of the molecular structure of proteins. It was the result of research that has lasted a long 14 years. They found that the amino acid chains in the protein are twisted around the other in such a way that they form a spiral.

This description of the three -dimensional structure of proteins marked large progress in biochemistry. Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for the study of the nature of chemical communication and its use to determine the structure of compounds." In his Nobel lecture, he predicted that future chemists would “rely on a new structural chemistry, in despite the fact that in the young years that fell on the First World War, Pauling was a pacifist, during World War II the scientist occupied the official post of a member of the National Research Commission on Defense and worked on the creation of a new missile fuel and the search for new sources Oxygen for submarines and airplanes as an employee of the research and development department, he made a significant contribution to the development of plasma replacement for blood transfusion and for military needs.

Pauling has become one of the founders of the Extraordinary Committee of the atomic scientists created in order to seek the prohibition of testing nuclear weapons in the atmosphere. The concern of the scientist with a potential genetic danger was partly explained by him by the studies of the molecular foundations of hereditary diseases. When the Poling drew up a call draft, which contained a demand to stop nuclear tests, it signed more than 11 thousand.

In January, the efforts made by the scientists contributed to the Paguosh Movement Institution for Research and International Security, which ultimately managed to help signing an agreement on the prohibition of nuclear tests. However, Pauling’s efforts, aimed at making a ban on nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere, met not only support, but also significant resistance.

Famous American scientists such as Edward Telard and Willard F. Libby, both members of the US atomic energy Commission, claimed that he exaggerates the biological consequences of radioactive precipitation. Pauling also came across political obstacles due to pro-Soviet sympathy attributed to him. In the beginning of the x. In June, Pauling and his wife convened a conference in Oslo Norway against the spread of nuclear weapons.

Pauling also drew up a draft proposed agreement on the prohibition of such tests. In July, Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize of the world G. in his Nobel lecture, he expressed the hope that an agreement on the prohibition of nuclear tests would “start a series of contracts that will lead to the creation of a new world, where the possibility of war will be forever excluded.”In the same year, he resigned from the California Technological Institute and became a professor at the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutes in Santa Barbara California.

Here he was able to devote more time to the problems of international disarmament. Two years later, he left there and became a professor of chemistry of Stanford University at the Palo Alto California. At the end of the year. Pauling became interested in the biological effects of vitamin C. In the monograph "Vitamin C and a cold" he summarized the practical theoretical arguments in support of the therapeutic properties of Vitamin C.

During the first two years, he was his president, and then became a professor there. In addition to two Nobel prizes, Pauling was awarded many awards: for achievements in the field of pure chemistry of the American Chemical Society, the medal of the Davy of the Royal Society, the International Lenin Prize "For Strengthening the Peoples", the medal "For the scientific achievements" of the National Scientific Fund of the United States, the Golden Medal of the Lomonosov Academy of Sciences of the American National Academy of Sciences and the Medal of Pristel He was the president of the American Chemical Society and the Pacific Branch of the American Association for the Development of Science, as well as the Vice President of the American Philosophical Society, the American Chemical Society: The Nobel Prize winner of the Nobel Prize.