Solzhenitsyna is a creative biography

Mother, Taisiya Zakharovna Shcherbak, raised her son alone. Solzhenitsyn’s father, a peasant Isaac Semenovich Solzhenitsyn, went through the entire First World War and died six months before the birth of his son as a result of an accident. Taisiya Zakharovna came from a family of wealthy Ukrainian peasants. After the revolution, the family was dispossessed, and she herself went with her son to Rostov-on-Don.

In this city, the childhood of Alexander Solzhenitsyn passed. From his youth, Alexander Solzhenitsyn dreamed of a writer’s career, but initially chose a completely different profession. In the year, he entered the Faculty of Mathematics University, where he showed himself as a talented and capable student, and graduated from the university with honors.

In his memoirs, Solzhenitsyn admitted that this choice may have saved his life: after the arrest, he spent a significant part of the term not in the camps, but in the “sharashki” - closed design bureaus, where convicted engineers, mathematicians and technology worked. Despite the successes in his studies, Alexander did not leave the desire for literature. In the year, he, without leaving mathematics, entered the correspondence department at the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History, but the Great Patriotic War interrupted to study.

Solzhenitsyn’s life at the front from the year Solzhenitsyn served in artillery intelligence. During the war years, his attitude towards power changed. In the correspondence, which Alexander led with his acquaintances, he sharply criticized I.'s activities for this in February, the commander of the sound intelligence battery, Captain A. Solzhenitsyn was arrested.

Five months later, he was sentenced to 8 years of camps and an unlimited link at the end of the conclusion. C to gg. Solzhenitsyn was engaged in mathematical calculations in several defense “sharashki” in Shcherbakov now Rybinsk, Zagorsk now Sergiev Posad and Moscow, but then, due to the conflict with his superiors, he was transferred to a correctional labor camp in the north of Kazakhstan.

There he was kept to the very release from the imprisonment in February. Subsequently, on the basis of the author’s personal camp experience, the famous story “One Day of Ivan Denisovich” will be written. After liberation from the camp, Solzhenitsyn remained in exile in Kazakhstan, lived in the south of the republic and worked as a mathematics teacher in a rural school.

In the year, in connection with the dealenization policy, Solzhenitsyn was released, returned from exile and settled first in the village of Miltsevo, Vladimir Region, and then in Ryazan, where he again worked as a school teacher. Despite the initial recognition and publication of the times of the “Khrushchev thaw”, by the beginning of the x. Solzhenitsyn practically lost the confidence of the authorities.

For bold anti -Soviet criticism and openly declared commitment to Orthodoxy, the writer lost the opportunity to publish in the Soviet Union, but was actively published in the West. In the USSR, his works were actively distributed in Samizdat. In the year, the Nobel Committee awarded Solzhenitsyn a prize "For the moral force with which he followed the immutable traditions of Russian literature." Obviously, the awarding of the famous dissident became not only a literary, but also a socio-political gesture.

In the year, the question of what to do with Solzhenitsyn was decided at the highest level. As a result of disputes in the Politburo, the opinion of the chairman Yu. Andropov, who demanded not camps, but deprivation of citizenship for Solzhenitsyn, prevailed. Soon the writer’s arrest, an accusation of treason and exile.

In March, along with his family, the writer was deprived of Soviet citizenship and forcibly left the country. First, Solzhenitsyn settled in the Swiss Zurich. He often traveled around Europe, visited the North American continent. A few years later, in the year, Solzhenitsyn moved to the United States and settled in the tiny town of Cavendish in Vermont. Here the writer lived is closed, worked hard and talked little with reporters.

Living in the West, Solzhenitsyn continued to criticize the socio-political system of the USSR, but it also got from him Western democracy. The local press often accused the writer of dissatisfaction with any social system. Relations did not always smoothly develop with Russian emigrants, although he took an active part in the work of the famous Ymca-Press publishing house, which published their works in the West.

His books began to be printed in large circulations. In the year, Solzhenitsyn returned to Russia. He flew to the Far East, from where he went to the capital through the whole country by train Vladivostok - Moscow. The return of Solzhenitsyn to Russia looked truly triumphant: the writer gained recognition and glory, became a moral authority for many fans of his work. Solzhenitsyn was invited to perform in the State Duma.

According to the personal order of the President of Russia B. Yeltsin, the writer received part of the state cottage in Trinity-Slykovo, next to the suburban residences of many major statesmen. There, the Solzhenitsyn family built a large house where the writer worked with pleasure and received guests. In the year, he became a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.However, not all the signs of recognition by the authorities Solzhenitsyn took equally willingly.

Without turning a blind eye to the mistakes of the Russian senior leadership made in E GG. In the year, Solzhenitsyn abandoned the Higher Russian Order of the Holy Apostle Andrei First -Called, saying that he could not accept the award from "from the supreme power that brought Russia to the current disastrous state." In the year, he was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation "For outstanding achievements in the field of humanitarian activities." Solzhenitsyn's work of Alexander Solzhenitsyn developed in a realistic tradition.

His literary works are characterized by the scale of the events described: the life of a “little man” in Solzhenitsyn always appears part of a great story. Its texts are distinguished by the interweaving of documentary and artistic fiction, specific imagery, many biblical allusions and references to the classical works of world literature. Both in artistic work and in journalism, Solzhenitsyn saw his task to transform the world and a critical assessment of reality.

The most famous works of the writer include the stories “One Day of Ivan Denisovich” and “Matryonin Dvor”, the story “Cancer Corps”, the novels “The First” and “Red Wheel”, as well as a difficult study of the historical and artistic research “Archipelago Gulag”. Throughout the life of Solzhenitsyn, the camp theme and criticism of the Soviet regime occupied great importance in his work.

The story “One Day of Ivan Denisovich,” the author himself designated his genre belonging, although during publication the work was called the story, became the first published text of Solzhenitsyn and made a real revolution in the literary and public life of the USSR. In the year, the publication of such a work in the Soviet Union seemed unthinkable, however, the publication with some censorship editing was personally approved by N.

The editor of the New World magazine A. Twardovsky played a large role in the publication of “One Day ...” - it was he who recommended the work of the Soviet leader. This work is based on letters, memoirs and interviews of prisoners, as well as the author’s own camp. Among the many journalistic works of Solzhenitsyn, it is worth noting the famous article “How do we equip Russia written at the sunset of perestroika?

The family and personal life of Alexander Solzhenitsyn’s personal life was overshadowed by a conclusion, link and forced emigration. From for a year, he officially married to Natalya Alekseevna Reshetovskaya - this union from the GG. In the year, Solzhenitsyn met with summer Natalia Dmitrievna Svetlova, who first became the secretary and assistant of the writer, and from the year - his wife.

In the second marriage, Solzhenitsyn had three sons - Ermola, Ignat and Stepan. Ermola and Stepan became successful businessmen, and Ignat achieved success in classical music - he is a pianist and conductor. Death and funeral in the last years of his life Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn was seriously ill, suffered from cardiovascular diseases, but continued to work.

The death of Solzhenitsyn occurred on August 3, when the writer was 89 years old. The civilian memorial service was held on August 5 at the Russian Academy of Sciences and gathered thousands of people. Representatives of the authorities, figures of science, culture and art came to say goodbye to Solzhenitsyn. Bibliography Bibliography of the works of Alexander Solzhenitsyn is very extensive, we give only the most significant works.

Tales, stories and small arts: one day of Ivan Denisovich Matryonin Courtyard case at Kochetovka station for the benefit of the case